Crime e loucura: a instituição das medidas de segurança pessoais detentivas no manicômio judiciário Maurício Cardoso (1941-1943)

Abstract

O presente estudo objetivou compreender a instituição das medidas de segurança no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a fim de demonstrar as transformações no enfrentamento jurídico do fenômeno da alienação mental a partir do exemplo do Manicômio Judiciário Maurício Cardoso (Porto Alegre - RS). Buscou-se observar a relação entre periculosidade e inimputabilidade, a partir dos internamentos de agentes de ilícito penal no MJMC, entre os anos de 1941-1943. Essa pesquisa fez uso do método histórico, o que requer a análise tanto de fontes ? prontuários da referida instituição psiquiátrica penal; decisões judiciais sobre a aplicação de medidas de segurança pessoais detentivas e de reconhecimento de superveniência mental ao indivíduo já sentenciado; códigos penais, dispositivos legislativos relacionados ao tema e trabalhos e pesquisas acadêmicas no mesmo recorte temporal dos prontuários ? quanto de pesquisa historiográfica, a fim de compreender o contexto político e social na qual está inserida a institucionalização da loucura e da embriaguez crônica no âmbito penal. O recorte temporal selecionado para esta pesquisa foi articulado ao se pensar que o princípio da anterioridade da lei penal não alcançava as medidas de segurança, portanto, observou-se a dinâmica dos internamentos iniciados no período de vacância do código penal de 1940, bem como os que se iniciaram a partir da vigência do aludido código. A análise das fontes primárias, quais sejam, os prontuários, permitiu descrever o encontro entre o debate jurídico e o discurso médico na realidade do internamento. Os prontuários eram constituídos tanto de informações de cunho médico sobre os pacientes, tanto por documentos judiciais referentes ao crime em que o titular restou julgado. Da detida análise destes e da observação do pensamento jurídico da época, verifica-se que o controle médico exercido por meio do diagnóstico nos laudos era o fator determinante da imposição e prorrogação por tempo indeterminado da medida de segurança, ficando a atuação judicial subordinada ao resultado da avaliação médica.<br>

Abstract: This study aimed to understand the institutionalization of security measures in the Brazilian legal system, in order to demonstrate the transformations in the legal confrontation of the phenomenon of mental alienation within the Judicial Lunatic Asylum Maurício Cardoso (Porto Alegre - RS). An attempt was made to observe a relationship between dangerousness and nonimputability, based on the internment of criminal agents in the MJMC, between 1941-1943. This research was made using the historical method, which requires the analysis of sources ? charts of inmates at Judicial Lunatic Asylum of the Rio Grande do Sul State, penal psychiatric institution; the criminal proceedings referred in those charts; judicial decisions about the application of personal detentives security measures and the supervenience of mental illness to the individual sentenced; criminal codes and other legislative provisions; monographs and articles of the period corresponding to charts ? and bibliographic research, which aims to demonstrate the different legal theories related to the theme, and the political and social context in which they are inserted. The time cut selected for this research was articulated when thinking about that the principle of the priority of criminal law did not reach security measures, therefore, we will seek to clarify the dynamics of hospitalizations started during the vacancy period of the 1940 criminal code, as well as those that started after the said code came into effect, in order to observe how the security measures imposed on those who entered the MJMC were applied in the marked section. The analysis of the primary sources of this research allowed to describe how the meeting between the legal debate and the medical discourse in the reality of the hospitalization took place, when observing the diagnoses made by the professionals of the inpatient institution MJMC, which were the main instrument of justification of the treatment. applied to the intern of that institution The time cut selected for this research was articulated when thinking about that the principle of the anteority of criminal law did not reach security measures, therefore, it was observed he dynamics of internations started during the vacancy period of the criminal code, as well as those that started after the said code came into effect.The analysis of primary sources, the medical records, allowed to describe the meeting between the legal debate and the medical discourse in the reality of the internation. The medical records consisted of both medical information about patients, as well as judicial documents referring to the crime in which the holder remained on trial. From the careful analysis of these and from the observation of the legal thought of the time, it appears that the medical control exercised through the diagnosis in the reports was the determining factor of the imposition and indefinite extension of the security measure, stayed the judicial action being subordinated to the medical evaluation