From Open-Loop to Science Pointing: A Generic ADCS Pointing-Mode State Machine and Estimation Suite for Nanosatellite Simulations

Abstract

This article presents a configurable state-machine architecture for CubeSat attitude pointing modes integrated into a modular ADCS simulation environment. The state machine coordinates pointing modes, transition logic, and fallback strategies, while attitude determination is performed using the TRIAD method, the Q-Method, and an Extended Kalman Filter. Nominal and off-nominal simulation scenarios are used to verify state-machine behavior and to evaluate estimation performance. The proposed framework supports flexible mission configuration and contributes to improved robustness in nanosatellite attitude determination and control systems.