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Ancorada nos estudos do Círculo de Bakhtin, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar os sentidos atribuídos ao signo ideológico esquerda no cenário político brasileiro contemporâneo, abrangendo os anos de 2013 a 2023 e considerando os diferentes cronotopos que marcam esse período. A análise fundamenta-se na concepção dialógica da linguagem, segundo a qual o enunciado concreto constitui a unidade real da comunicação verbal, sempre produzido por sujeitos situados social e historicamente, em contextos extraverbais determinados. Parte-se da perspectiva sociológica da linguagem proposta pelo Círculo, que compreende a comunicação como uma atividade humana mediada por signos ideológicos, os quais não possuem significados fixos, mas adquirem sentidos diversos conforme os usos que deles se faz em situações concretas de interação. Nesse processo, cada signo é concebido como portador de valorações, que se atualizam na ação verbal e se transformam conforme disputas sociais, políticas e históricas. Com base nesse referencial, adota-se como estratégia metodológica o paradigma indiciário, que permite a identificação de pistas e traços significativos nos materiais analisados, em articulação com a metodologia do cotejo, utilizada aqui não apenas como procedimento comparativo, mas como forma de compreender os enunciados em sua singularidade valorativa e na tensão dialógica que estabelecem entre si no interior da cadeia discursiva. O material de análise é composto por enunciados publicados na rede social Twitter, bem como pelas atitudes responsivas que estes suscitam. Foram selecionados enunciados que tematizam diretamente o signo esquerda, produzidos por diferentes posicionamentos ideológicos, permitindo observar movimentos de reacentuação do signo ao longo de uma década. A análise busca destacar as relações dialógicas estabelecidas entre os enunciados, considerando que cada um deles constitui um elo na cadeia discursiva. Assim, nenhum enunciado pode ser compreendido de forma isolada, pois sua existência está sempre vinculada aos enunciados anteriores e posteriores com os quais mantém atitude responsiva, configurando uma rede ideologicamente marcada por sentidos em disputa. Os resultados evidenciam que o signo esquerda, longe de se apresentar como categoria estável, constitui-se como signo em movimento, atravessado por tensões, embates valorativos e disputas políticas. Os rastros observados nos enunciados analisados indicam sucessivos processos de reacentuação valorativa ao longo do período investigado, por meio dos quais o signo passa a ser associado, em determinados horizontes valorativos, à corrupção, à desordem institucional, ao comunismo conspiratório, à ameaça à família e à religião, Abstract: Anchored in the studies of the Bakhtin Circle, this research aims to investigate the meanings attributed to the ideological sign left within the contemporary Brazilian political landscape, covering the years 2013 to 2023 and considering the different chronotopes that characterize this period. The analysis is grounded in the dialogic conception of language, according to which the concrete utterance constitutes the real unit of verbal communication, always produced by subjects who are socially and historically situated within specific extraverbal contexts. This study adopts the Circle?s sociological perspective on language, which understands communication as a human activity mediated by ideological signs?signs that do not carry fixed meanings, but instead acquire diverse senses depending on their uses in concrete situations of interaction. In this process, each sign is conceived as bearing value-laden orientations that are actualized in verbal action and transformed according to social, political, and historical disputes. Guided by this theoretical framework, the research adopts the evidential paradigm as its methodological strategy, enabling the identification of clues and significant traces in the materials analyzed, in articulation with the cotejo methodology, used here not merely as a comparative procedure but as a way of understanding utterances in their value-laden singularity and in the dialogic tension they establish among themselves within the discursive chain. The analytical corpus consists of utterances published on the social network Twitter, as well as the responsive attitudes they elicit. Utterances that directly thematize the sign left were selected, produced from different ideological standpoints, thus allowing the observation of processes of re-accentuation of the sign over the course of a decade. The analysis seeks to highlight the dialogic relations established among utterances, recognizing that each of them constitutes a link in the discursive chain. Thus, no utterance can be understood in isolation, as its existence is always tied to preceding and subsequent utterances with which it maintains a responsive attitude, forming a network ideologically marked by contested meanings. The results show that the sign the Left, far from presenting itself as a stable category, emerges as a sign in movement, traversed by tensions, evaluative clashes, and political disputes. The traces observed in the analyzed utterances indicate successive processes of evaluative re-accentuation throughout the period under investigation, through which the sign becomes associated, within certain evaluative horizons, with corruption, institutional disorder, conspiratorial communism, threats to the family and religion, as well as with different forms of political delegitimization. At the same time, responsive utterances emerge that seek to reinscribe the sign within axiological horizons linked to democracy, social equality, public policies, and the fight against social inequalities. The analysis further demonstrates that these valuations are constituted in close relation to historical events, subjects of enunciation, and ideological disputes that traverse the Brazilian political landscape, revealing the dynamic, historical, and axiologically marked nature of meaning-making processes in digital social networks.bem como a diferentes formas de deslegitimação política. Paralelamente, emergem enunciados responsivos que procuram reinscrever o signo em horizontes axiológicos vinculados à democracia, à igualdade social, às políticas públicas e ao combate às desigualdades. A análise evidencia ainda que essas valorações se constituem em estreita relação com os acontecimentos históricos, os sujeitos e as disputas ideológicas que atravessam o cenário político brasileiro, revelando a natureza dinâmica, histórica e axiologicamente marcada da produção de sentidos nas redes sociais digitais. |
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Abstract: Anchored in the studies of the Bakhtin Circle, this research aims to investigate the meanings attributed to the ideological sign left within the contemporary Brazilian political landscape, covering the years 2013 to 2023 and considering the different chronotopes that characterize this period. The analysis is grounded in the dialogic conception of language, according to which the concrete utterance constitutes the real unit of verbal communication, always produced by subjects who are socially and historically situated within specific extraverbal contexts. This study adopts the Circle?s sociological perspective on language, which understands communication as a human activity mediated by ideological signs?signs that do not carry fixed meanings, but instead acquire diverse senses depending on their uses in concrete situations of interaction. In this process, each sign is conceived as bearing value-laden orientations that are actualized in verbal action and transformed according to social, political, and historical disputes. Guided by this theoretical framework, the research adopts the evidential paradigm as its methodological strategy, enabling the identification of clues and significant traces in the materials analyzed, in articulation with the cotejo methodology, used here not merely as a comparative procedure but as a way of understanding utterances in their value-laden singularity and in the dialogic tension they establish among themselves within the discursive chain. The analytical corpus consists of utterances published on the social network Twitter, as well as the responsive attitudes they elicit. Utterances that directly thematize the sign left were selected, produced from different ideological standpoints, thus allowing the observation of processes of re-accentuation of the sign over the course of a decade. The analysis seeks to highlight the dialogic relations established among utterances, recognizing that each of them constitutes a link in the discursive chain. Thus, no utterance can be understood in isolation, as its existence is always tied to preceding and subsequent utterances with which it maintains a responsive attitude, forming a network ideologically marked by contested meanings. The results show that the sign the Left, far from presenting itself as a stable category, emerges as a sign in movement, traversed by tensions, evaluative clashes, and political disputes. The traces observed in the analyzed utterances indicate successive processes of evaluative re-accentuation throughout the period under investigation, through which the sign becomes associated, within certain evaluative horizons, with corruption, institutional disorder, conspiratorial communism, threats to the family and religion, as well as with different forms of political delegitimization. At the same time, responsive utterances emerge that seek to reinscribe the sign within axiological horizons linked to democracy, social equality, public policies, and the fight against social inequalities. The analysis further demonstrates that these valuations are constituted in close relation to historical events, subjects of enunciation, and ideological disputes that traverse the Brazilian political landscape, revealing the dynamic, historical, and axiologically marked nature of meaning-making processes in digital social networks. |
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