Perfil da Oferta de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares de Saúde no Brasil: Um Estudo Transversal com Base nos Dados SIA-SUS, 2019-2023.

Abstract

Introdução: As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares de Saúde (PICS) são terapias que não são consideradas parte da mainstream medicine. Essas práticas foram instauradas, no SUS, no dia 03 de maio de 2006, passando por diversas barreiras e incentivos desde então. Objetivos: Analisar o perfil da oferta de PICS, no Brasil, entre 2019 e 2023. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS, visualizados no portal TABNET. Para o cálculo de taxas, a cada 1000 habitantes, foram utilizados dados populacionais do censo de 2022 do IBGE. Resultados: Foram averiguados 14.008.046 procedimentos de PICS no período, dos quais 31,5% são de acupuntura, 45,7% dos procedimentos aconteceram de forma eletiva e 58,1% dos procedimentos foram realizados na média e alta complexidade. Nota-se uma tendência de crescimento na taxa de oferta de PICS no Brasil entre 2019 (13,70) e 2023 (21,62) com queda apenas no período agudo da pandemia (6,80). O Sudeste apresentou a maior taxa entre as regiões nos anos de 2019, 2020, 2021, atingindo um pico em 2023. Além disso, observou-se que municípios de maior porte apresentaram taxas bem menores do que municípios pequenos. Conclusão: A oferta de PICS no Brasil entre 2019 e 2023 aumentou consideravelmente. A acupuntura foi a prática mais ofertada e os procedimentos foram majoritariamente realizados de forma eletiva, na alta e média complexidade. O Sudeste apresenta taxas melhores consistentemente entre as regiões e as taxas são menores em municípios de maior porte. Palavras-chave: Oferta, Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, Brasil.

Background: Integrative and Complementary Health Practices are therapies that are not considered part of mainstream medicine. These practices were introduced in the brazilian Unified Health System on May 3, 2006, and have faced several barriers and incentives. Objectives: To analyze the profile of the Complementary Therapies provision in Brazil between 2019 and 2023. Method: Cross-sectional study with data from the Unified Health System Outpatient Information System, viewed on the TABNET portal. To calculate rates per 1,000 inhabitants, population data from the 2022 IBGE census were used. Results: A total of 14,008,046 Complementary Therapies procedures were investigated during the period, of which 31.5% were acupuncture, 45.7% of the procedures were elective, and 58.1% of the procedures were performed in medium and high complexity. There was an upward trend in the Complementary Therapies provision rate in Brazil between 2019 (13.70) and 2023 (21.62), with a decrease only in the acute period of the pandemic (6.80). The Southeast had the highest rate among the regions in 2019, 2020, and 2021, reaching a peak in 2023. In addition, it was observed that larger cities had much lower rates than small cities. Conclusions: The provision of Complementary Therapies in Brazil between 2019 and 2023 increased considerably. Acupuncture was the most offered practice, and the procedures were mostly performed electively, in high and medium complexity. The Southeast presents consistently better rates among regions and rates are lower in larger cities. Keywords: Provision, Complementary Therapies, Brazil.