Um olhar sócio-ambiental da história: a trajetória do movimento ambientalista e seus conflitos com a atividade carbonífera no sul de Santa Catarina (1980-2008)

Abstract

Propõe-se com esse trabalho estudar a trajetória percorrida pelo movimento ambientalista sul catarinense em relação aos embates com a atividade carbonífera, que se apresenta como um dos principais conflitos sócio-ambientais de Santa Catarina. Em decorrência dessa atividade a região sul catarinense é, de acordo com um decreto federal de 1980, considerada uma das quatorze mais poluídas do Brasil. O movimento ambientalista, através das ONGs e movimentos sociais, demonstra com suas diversas ações empreendidas, que a mineração do carvão traz sérias conseqüências para o meio ambiente e para a sociedade como um todo, como o comprometimento dos recursos hídricos, degradação dos solos e da vegetação, poluição do ar, bem como afeta gravemente a saúde dos trabalhadores mineiros. Em contrapartida, o setor se defende ao colocar que estão nos últimos anos investindo em novas tecnologias que reduzam a poluição, bem como se utilizam da questão econômica, continuidade e fortalecimento do setor. Considerou-se o movimento de resistência dos agricultores contra a mineração do carvão em suas localidades, como parte do movimento ambientalista, que juntos lutam por uma causa comum. Sendo que para isso precisam defrontar não só com todos que representam o setor minerador e com o Estado, mas também às vezes com o poder judiciário e com os meios de comunicação. It is proposed with this work to study the path traveled by the environmentalist movement of southern Santa Catarina in relation to the discussions with the activity coal, which presents itself as a major socio-environmental conflict of Santa Catarina. As a result of this activity, the southern region of Santa Catarina, according to a federal decree of 1980, is considered one of the fourteen most polluted regions of Brazil. The environmentalist movement, through the ONGs and social movements, demonstrates with its various taken actions that the coal mining brings serious consequences for the environment and for the society as a whole, as the commitment of water resources, degradation of soils and vegetation and air pollution, and seriously affects the health of miner workers. However the industry is defending the position that in recent years they have been investing in new technologies in order to reduce the pollution, as well as have been using the economic issue, especially for the generation of jobs, as a refuge for the continuity and strengthening of the sector. The esistance movement of farmers against coal mining in their localities, was considered as part of the environmentalist movement, which together fight for a common cause. In order to do that, they need to deal not only with all representing the mining industry and with the state, but also sometimes with the judiciary and the media.It is proposed with this work to study the path traveled by the environmentalist movement of southern Santa Catarina in relation to the discussions with the activity coal, which presents itself as a major socio-environmental conflict of Santa Catarina. As a result of this activity, the southern region of Santa Catarina, according to a federal decree of 1980, is considered one of the fourteen most polluted regions of Brazil. The environmentalist movement, through the ONGs and social movements, demonstrates with its various taken actions that the coal mining brings serious consequences for the environment and for the society as a whole, as the commitment of water resources, degradation of soils and vegetation and air pollution, and seriously affects the health of miner workers. However the industry is defending the position that in recent years they have been investing in new technologies in order to reduce the pollution, as well as have been using the economic issue, especially for the generation of jobs, as a refuge for the continuity and strengthening of the sector. The resistance movement of farmers against coal mining in their localities, was considered as part of the environmentalist movement, which together fight for a common cause. In order to do that, they need to deal not only with all representing the mining industry and with the state, but also sometimes with the judiciary and the media.