Ecos feministas na literatura moçambicana contemporânea

Abstract

Este trabalho desenvolve uma abordagem das narrativas Terra sonâmbula (Mia Couto, 1992) e Ventos do apocalipse (Paulina Chiziane, 1999), à luz da teoria ecofeminista. A partir dos dois textos citados, que têm em comum a guerra civil em Moçambique (1976-1992), analisamos os romances à luz da teoria acima citada, ressaltando interações interpessoais e dessas com o meio ambiente, levando em conta os níveis de destruição a que o país se viu mergulhado, desde a luta por sua independência política. Neste sentido, observando que relações de gênero e meio ambiente se entrecruzam, temos, representado nas duas ficções, o colonialismo português, gerando ambientes destruídos e destruidores para o ser humano, uma vez que o imperialismo das metrópoles se apropriou de bens necessários (tais como os recursos naturais da então colônia) para o seu próprio abastecimento. Além disso, também gerou, após o fim do sistema opressor, lutas armadas e propagação de violência entre grupos tnicoraciais. Em vista do exposto, o ecofeminismo tem se afirmado pela discussão que amplia os estudos feministas, ao realizar, nas obras supracitadas, questionamentos sobre impactos ambientais. Para tanto, emprega estudos interdisciplinares, que vão desde a compreensão da natureza do espaço, bem como análise da geografia cultural de cada lugar em foco. Ao incorporar uma gama de saberes amplos e diversificados, presentes nos romances citados, o ecofeminismo também aponta para o fim da existência de verdades absolutas como a dicotomia hierárquica entre humanos e não humanos e, ainda, integra o humano à natureza, como um de seus elementos constitutivos.

This thesis analyzes two narratives from Mozambique: Terra sonâmbula (Mia Couto, 1992) and Ventos do apocalipse (Paulina Chiziane, 1999), in light of the ecofeminist theory. From the two text cited, which have in common the civil war in that country ( 1976-1992), we analyze the two novels in the light of the above-mentioned theory emphasizing interpersonal relationships and those with the environment, taking into account the levels of destruction that the country was plunged since its struggle for political independence. In this regard, noting that relationships of gender and the environment intersect, we see Portuguese colonialism represented in both fictions, creating environments destroyed and destructive to humanity, once the imperial metropolis has taken over necessary goods (such as natural resources of the colony) for their own survival. Moreover, this oppressive system has generated violence and wars among ethnic-racial groups, even after the end of colonialism. In view of these facts, ecofeminism has established itself by the discussion that these two books raise, by questioning the environmental impacts, extending feminist studies. To this end, it employs interdisciplinary studies, ranging from understanding the nature of space as well as analysis of the cultural geography of each place in focus. By incorporating a range of broad and diverse knowledge, present in the novels mentioned, ecofeminism also points to the end of the existence of absolute truths such as the hierarchical dichotomy between human and nonhuman, integrating humans to the natural world, as one of its components. This thesis analyzes two narratives from Mozambique: Terra sonâmbula (Mia Couto, 1992) and Ventos do apocalipse (Paulina Chiziane, 1999), in light of the ecofeminist theory. From the two text cited, which have in common the civil war in that country ( 1976-1992), we analyze the two novels in the light of the above-mentioned theory emphasizing interpersonal relationships and those with the environment, taking into account the levels of destruction that the country was plunged since its struggle for political independence. In this regard, noting that relationships of gender and the environment intersect, we see Portuguese colonialism represented in both fictions, creating environments destroyed and destructive to humanity, once the imperial metropolis has taken over necessary goods (such as natural resources of the colony) for their own survival. Moreover, this oppressive system has generated violence and wars among ethnic-racial groups, even after the end of colonialism. In view of these facts, ecofeminism has established itself by the discussion that these two books raise, by questioning the environmental impacts, extending feminist studies. To this end, it employs interdisciplinary studies, ranging from understanding the nature of space as well as analysis of the cultural geography of each place in focus. By incorporating a range of broad and diverse knowledge, present in the novels mentioned, ecofeminism also points to the end of the existence of absolute truths such as the hierarchical dichotomy between human and nonhuman, integrating humans to the natural world, as one of its components. This thesis analyzes two narratives from Mozambique: Terra sonâmbula (Mia Couto, 1992) and Ventos do apocalipse (Paulina Chiziane, 1999), in light of the ecofeminist theory. From the two text cited, which have in common the civil war in that country ( 1976-1992), we analyze the two novels in the light of the above-mentioned theory emphasizing interpersonal relationships and those with the environment, taking into account the levels of destruction that the country was plunged since its struggle for political independence. In this regard, noting that relationships of gender and the environment intersect, we see Portuguese colonialism represented in both fictions, creating environments destroyed and destructive to humanity, once the imperial metropolis has taken over necessary goods (such as natural resources of the colony) for their own survival. Moreover, this oppressive system has generated violence and wars among ethnic-racial groups, even after the end of colonialism. In view of these facts, ecofeminism has established itself by the discussion that these two books raise, by questioning the environmental impacts, extending feminist studies. To this end, it employs interdisciplinary studies, ranging from understanding the nature of space as well as analysis of the cultural geography of each place in focus. By incorporating a range of broad and diverse knowledge, present in the novels mentioned, ecofeminism also points to the end of the existence of absolute truths such as the hierarchical dichotomy between human and nonhuman, integrating humans to the natural world, as one of its components.